Abstract:Against the backdrop of the rapid advancement of new infrastructure construction, the EPC (Engineering-Procurement-Construction) model has become mainstream due to its advantages in resource integration. However, equipment supervision faces systemic challenges in the whole-process management and control, such as delayed intervention, inefficient supply chain collaboration, and concentrated commissioning risks. Taking a data center EPC project as the research object, this paper constructs a complete system covering "problem identification-mechanism analysis-strategy optimization" based on the complex system theory. It deeply analyzes the mechanism of the three core contradictions and proposes dynamic supervision mechanisms, whole-process risk blocking, and hierarchical control strategies for equipment commissioning. This study provides an operable collaborative management framework for equipment supervision in EPC projects, which has important practical value for improving the efficiency and quality of engineering management.